Drawing frame structure



Dec. 10, 1946. ROBINSON 2,412,357

DRAWING FRAME STRUCTURE Filed Dec. 17, 1943. 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Zhmnto:

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DRAWING FRAME STRUCTURE Filed Dec. 17, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 62 WM 5.Ros/mom Patented Dec. 10, 1946 DRAWING FRAME STRUCTURE Elvin B.Robinson, Gastonia, N. C., assignor of one-third to Clarence J. Costnerand onesthird to Arnold W. Kincaid, both 01 Bessemer City,

Application December 17, 1943, Serial No. 5143605 (01. 19-130) 4 Claims.

This invention relates to an improved type of drawing frame and moreespecially to an improved method for mounting the ends of the top rollsand for mounting the roller necks joining the sections of the bottomrolls together, so as to prevent undue wear of the bearings supportingthe fluted rolls of the drawing frame, and thus providing a drawingframe which will turn out very much better work than a drawing frameequipped with the conventional type of bearings which wear out ratherrapidly, and when so worn, results in imperfect work.

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved drawing framehaving an improved type of bearing for the ends of the top rolls and animproved bearing for the roller necks joining the sections of the bottomrolls together, so as to provide bearings between the bottom and toprolls which are not subject to rapid wear such as the conventional typeof rolls in drawing frames heretofore used.

It is another object of this invention to provide an improved type ofdrawing frame, wherein needle bearings are provided for the bearingportions of the fluted rolls, and also means are provided which arequickly detachable from the bearings of the top rolls to allow quickdismantling of the top rolls from their operating position when it isdesired to do so.

It is another object of this invention to provide an improved type ofdrawing frame wherein a plurality of slivers are passed through aplurality of sections of a drawing frame simultaneously, and instead ofbeing coiled into a can to be later fed through another drawing framehaving fluted rollers thereon, the slivers after passing through thesections of the first drawing frame are led directly into a seconddrawing frame where a plurality of slivers emanating from the sectionsof the first drawing frame are passed through a section of anotherdrawing frame, and joined into one sliver or roving, thus dispensingwith the many operations heretofore required in transferring cans ofslivers from one drawing frame to the intake end of another drawingframe.

A drawing frame is usually composed of four to six sections of top andbottom rolls, and they take the slivers from cans which have receivedthe slivers from the card. Usually from four to six slivers are runthrough each of the four to six sections of the first drawing frame, andthese are combined, and passed through a trumpet or coiling mechanism,and are deposited as a single sliver into cans. In the second operation,the

slivers from four to six cans are passed through a single section of asecond awing frame. The first drawing frame is called t e breakerdrawing, and the second step is the finished drawing. From the finisheddrawing frame the slivers are passed through slubbers. In fine work,after passing through the finished drawing frame, the slivers are passedthrough the slubbers, and deposited on bobbins, which slubbers can alsobe called a roving frame. These slivers are usually passed singlethrough the slubber or roving frame. Then, if desired. they may be againpassed through a second slubber or intermediate which is another drawingframe where they are deposited on bobbins again. In both of theselastnamed steps, there is some twisting imparted to the slivers as bothof them employ a fiyer. After these four steps, the product is passedover the spinning frame where it is twisted into a thread, and then itis usually passed through twisters for twisting a number of the threadstogether to make the finished yarn.

One important advantage of a needle or roller bearing is that the outershell turns very little, if at all, and this prevents wear' between thecontacting surfaces of the outer shells, thus spacing the top and bottomrolls at a definite distance all the time; whereas, in the old type ofdrawing frames, there were bosses on both the top and bottom rollscontacting each other, and due to the fact that there is a lot of gritand other abrasive substances in cotton, this is deposited on thesebosses, resulting in rapid wear, and also creating a considerable amountof friction. When these bosses become worn, it results in imperfectproducts by allowing the flutes of the two rolls to be too closetogether, and thus become too deeply enmeshed with each other, resultingin damage and often breaking of the fibers, and disrupting the wholepurpose'of awing, which is the parallelization and atteir tion of thefibers. 1

Due to the fact that in the old style drawing frames, there isconsiderable friction and drag, these drawing frames could not bespeeded up in the same manner that a drawing frame with ball bearings,because in the old style frames, when they were attempted to be speededup, .a great amount of vibration occurs, due to friction and drag on themoving parts. K

As above-stated, the bosses or collars on the bottom and top rolls whichhold these rolls a definite distance apart, some become worn whichrequires that these bosses begrou 2d away; and suitable collars ofproper diameter l e swaged thereon, so as to hold the top and bo tomrolls wearing qualities, these collars wear to different diameters, andthus result in improper driving of the top roll. In drawing frames, thetop rollis driven by the bottom roll since the fibers passing betweenthe top and bottom rolls presents the proper amount of friction, andthis drives the top roll in timed relation to the bottom roll. In theold style drawing frame, due to the great amount of friction between thecollars on the rolls, since the top rolls are under tremendous pressureby suitable weights or spring means, there results three driving pointsfor each of the top rolls, namely, the driving by the flutes of thebottom roll engaging the slivers, and moving the slivers and top rollsalong at the same speed as the bottom roll, and also each of the collarson the lower roll exert a driving effect on the collars on the toprolls, and it is evident that when these bosses or collars wear todifferent diameters, that probably one end 1 of one of the top rollswill be driven at a greater rate than the other, or at a lesser ratethat the other, depending upon the wear between the collars at the endof the rolls. This results in biting and cutting of the fibers, andaffecting the staple length of the fibers by shortening the staples. Itis evident that in a drawing frame equipped with anti-friction bearings,such as roller bearings or ball bearings, as shown in the drawings, thesole driving means for the top rolls is through the medium of the fiberspassing between the top and bottom rolls. Since the ends of the rolls donot contact each other at all, but run free in their anti-frictionbearings, because it is evident that a tremendous pressure which wasformerly exerted on the collar is now exerted on the shells 32 and 25,thus making it impossible for any driving action to be imparted to theends of the top rolls.

Another important advantage of the structure shown in the drawings isthat in the old type drawing frame, the tremendous pressure exerted onthe ends of'the top rolls was transmitted through the collars directlyto the roller necks of the bottom rolls, and the bearings in the rollstands supporting the roller necks. This meant that the bottom rolls hadtremendous pressure exerted on their hearing points, namely the rollernecks where the roller necks contacted the bearings, this resulting inrapid wear of the bearings for the roller necks, and also requiring agreatly increased amount of power to drive the drawing frame, since theroller necks were pressed against their bearings with tremendouspressure exerted on the top rolls. By means of the antifriction bearingson the top and bottom rolls, it is evident that both top and bottomrolls rotate freely in their bearings without this tremendous pressureheretofore exerted on the old type frames on the bottom roll bearings.

Another important advantage of the construction shown in the drawings isthat the rapid wear heretofore present in the old style drawing framesis eliminated since abrasive substances cannot enter the anti-frictionbearings.

Some of the objects of the invention having been stated, other objectswill appear as the description proceeds, when taken in connection withthe accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a top plan view of onesection of a drawing frame constructed in accordance with my invention;I

Figure 2 is an elevation of the right-hand end of the lower portion'ofFigure 1, and being shown partly in section, and being along the line2-2 in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view partly in elevation and partly in vertical sectionand taken along the line 3--3 in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view through one of the needlebearings, and being taken substantially along the line 4--4 in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a top plan view, partly schematic, of an improved system ofhandling slivers by passing them from one frame to another frame withoutthe intermediate step of coiling into a can;

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing another embodiment of theinvention;

Figure '7 is a View similar to Figure 6 showing the bottom bearing astwo separate bearings;

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view through the lower bearings inFigures 6 and 7.

Referring more specifically to the drawings, the numeral l0 indicates adrawing frame roll stand having a plurality of bearings ll, l2, l3, andI4, which bearings are held in place and in adjusted relation alongslots lflb extending from near one end to the other of the upper portionIlla of the roll stand Ill by means of bolts l5, l6, l1, and H3. Thelower rolls 20 of the drawing frame are joined together by a suitableroller neck M which usually has tapered ends 22 fitting into taperedcavities 23 and locked in position by any suitable means. Surroundingthe roller neck 2| is a needle bearing comprising a shell 25 havingdownturned ends 26 which loosely confine a plurality of pins or rollers21, and an oil hole 28 is provided, by means of which lubricant can beintroduced into the interior of the bearing shell 25.

The top fluted rolls 30 have a bearing portion 3| which is usuallyintegral with the rolls 30, and

a needle bearing shell 32 surrounds this bearing portion 3! in spacedrelation thereto, and has downturned ends 33 which loosely confine aplurality of rollers 3G to provide a needle bearing around the bearingportion 3|. A suitable lubricating hole 36 is provided in one of thedownturned flanged portions 33 for the introduction of lubricant to theinterior of the needle bearing shell 32. A large headed screw 31 isthreadably embedded in the outer end of the bearing portion 3| for.loosely confining the shell 32 on the end of the roller bearing portion3| of top roll 30. The needle bearing shells 32 and 25 provide bearingsurfaces of predetermined diameter to hold the rolls 20 and 30 in properspaced relation, because heretofore instead of these needle bearings,there were provided enlargements on the rolls which held the rolls adefinite distance apart from each other, and allowed the flutes thereonto properly engage each other the desired amount, and when theseenlargements became worn, which theydid quite frequently, the flutedrollers 20 and 30 would be allowed to ride too close together, thusdamaging the slivers and producing imperfect work. By having the needlehearings on the top and bottom rolls, this excessive wear is eliminated,and more perfect work is the result. Also much greater speed isobtained.

The top rolls are held inpr'oper position by means of a bearing block 40having a well 4| therein adapted to slidably receive a rod 42 which isadjustably secured along a slot- 43 in a bar 44, by means of the rod 42being threaded and having knurled nuts 45 and 46 threadably securedthereon, and said rods at their upper ends having a knurled portion 41so that the rod or bolt or screw 42 can be held while it is beingadjusted vertically. The rod or screw 42 is penetrated by a pin 48 andbetween pin 48 and the upper surface of the bearing member 40, there isdisposed a compression spring 49 for urging the bearing member 40downwardly against the bearing sleeve 32. The lower end of screw 42 hasa plate 35 secured thereon by means of a screw 38, and a sleeve 39loosely mounted around screw 42 is threadably secured in the upper endof cavity 4| to prevent separation of screw 42 and bearing member 40except when the sleeve 39 is removed. The member 44 is pivoted as at52to the portion Ill of the roll stand, and is L-shaped and its forwardfree end is held in the position shown by means of a link 53 pivoted asat 54 to the roll stand I0, and having a slot in its upper end adaptedto fit over the free end of the member 44. It will be noted that member44 has an upwardly sloping surface 55 which prevents the link 53 fromjarring off the end of member 44, but when it is desired to releasepressure on all of the top rolls, the member 44 can be presseddownwardly at its free end to allow the link 53 to be released and afterwhich the entire member 44 can be pivoted as at 52 to remove the entireassembly 40 to 49 inclusive from engagement with the sleeve bearings 32.

The roll stands I project outwardly, and have mounted therein a, pair ofrollers 60 and 6| with a suitable trumpet 62 through which the sliversare coiled after being attenuated by passing through the drawing framesection. The slivers are indicated by reference characters A, B, C, D,E, and F. The rollers 66 and 6| have their contacting surfaces driven inthe same direction by means of the driven oller 60 having cavities 56which are engaged by the teeth 'of pinion 51 on roller 6|, the power tothese rollers being transmitted through a driven shaft 58.

It sometimes happens that the top rolls lap up, that is, the fibersadhere to the flutes instead of the fibers being passed on throughbetween the bottom and top rolls. A portion at least of the slivers windup around a top roll which means that the machine must be stopped, andthis lap up removed. I have provided suitable stop motion or alarm meansshown schematically in Figure 3 as being associated with each of thebearing members 40, and although I have shown it in association withonly one bearing member, it is evident that each bearing member 40 inthe machine would be connected up in parallel in a stop motion or alarmsystem. This stop motion or alarm system comprises an insulation block63 secured to each bearing block and having a contact point 64 thereon.Suitably secured in fixed or resilient position above the contact point64 is a contact point 65 from which a wire 66 leads to a. source ofelectrical energy 61, and then to a buzzer 68, and this buzzer 68 couldbe a suitable stop motion mechanism. From the buzzer or stop motionmechanism 68, a wire I69 leads back to contact point 64. It is thus seenthat when a lap up occurs, the bearing 40 will be raised, which willelevate contact point 64 into engagement with contact point 65 whichwill stop the machine, or give a suitable alarm.

As is well known in the art, the bottom rolls 'of a drawing frame aredriven by any suitable means such as power being applied through a shaft10 into a housing 1| which drives variback roller has a greater speed,and the next to the front roller has still a greater speed, and thefront roller has the greatest speed which results in a gradualattenuation of the fibers. Figure 5 shows in plan and partiallyschematically how the single slivers resulting from a combined drawingof slivers A to F inclusive are combined into single slivers such as G,H, I, J, K, and L. Heretofore, these slivers have been deposited intosuitable containers, and these containers are then moved to the intakeend of another drawing frame where they are introduced into the rearroller of such drawing frame. In Figure 5, I show a section of six setsof top and bottom rollers of a drawing frame in combination with anadditional set of rollers forming a second drawing frame. The shaft 10has a pulley 63 mounted thereon which is connected by any suitable meanssuch as belt I2 to a pulley l3 disposed on a shaft I4 which has a pulley15 thereon on which a belt I6 is mounted which leads to a pulley 11mounted on shaft 18, and shaft 18 has another pulley I9 with a belt 60thereon, which belt is also mounted on a pulley III on motor shaft 82extending from motor 83. The shaft 82 also has a pulley 84 thereon onwhich ,a belt 85 is mounted, which belt also is mounted on a pulley 86disposed on a shaft 81 which drives a pair of rollers 88 and 89 forcoiling the slivers G to L inclusive through a trumpet 90 and depositingthe sliver passing through the trumpet '90 into a suitable container,not shown. The contacting surfaces of rollers 88 and 89 are driven inthe same direction by means of a gear 92 on roller 88 meshing withcavities 6| in the-end of the roller 89. The shaft 18 leads into asuitable gear housing 93 which drives the rollers in the same manner aspreviously described, and the same reference characters will apply tothese rollers as to the rollers previously described, and

' can be obtained on account of the roller bearings, as friction isreduced to thus eliminate vibration at high speeds. It has long beenrecognized that the slow speed at which the slivers are passed through adrawing frame was unnecessary as far as the drawing process isconcerned, but such slow speed resulted from the fact that on account ofthe great amount of friction in the bearings of the drawing rollsvibration set in and interfered with proper drawing of the slivers.

', By a mechanism as shown and described, the

speed at which the slivers can be passed through the drawing frames canbe very greatly increased, thus resulting in a large increase in outputfrom a given number of machines.

In employing the method and apparatus as shown in Figure 5, instead ofhaving a trumpet 62 and rollers 60 and 6|, the slivers are guidedthrough a suitable eye I62 and then by means of suitable troughs, notshown, to back rollers 30 of the second drawing frame.

In Figures 6, 7, and 8, there is shown a type of bearing for the lowerrolls and for the ends of the top rolls similar to the structure shownin Figures 3 and 4 except that the bearings have inner races as well asouter races- In these figures, the same reference characters 20 indicatethe lower rolls, 30 the top rolls, 4!] the bearings pressing down on thetop rolls, portion Illa of the roll stand, bearing I2, slots I01), andbolts I6 which have been previously described. In Figures 6, '7, and 8,the bearings are shown as having inner and outer races, so that they canbe attached by swaging or otherwise aflixing the inner race onto theroll. The top rolls 30 have a roller neck I onto which an inner race IBIis fixedly secured by any suitable means such as swaging, and this innerrace has upturned flanges I 02 at each end for confining rollers I03.Rotatably mounted over the rollers I03 isan outer race I04 havinginwardly turned flanges I05 at its ends for assisting in the confiningof the rollers I03. A suitable oil hole I06 is provided for introducinglubricant into the space between the inner and outer races. In Figure 6,I show an elongated bearing for the roller neck H0 joining the ends ofthe lower rolls 20 together. This roller neck has tapered portions III.fitting into tapered cavities H2 in the proximate ends of the lowerrolls 20 which are suitably confined such as by keys, not shown, so thatpower delivered to one end of the bottom rolls will rotate all sectionsof the bottom rolls. Fixedly secured on the roller neck H0 by swaging orotherwise, is an inner race H3 having outwardly projecting circularflanges H4 for assisting in confining rollers H5. Loosely mounted aroundthe rollers H5 is an outer race H6 having inwardly turned ends H! forassisting the outwardly turned ends H4 of the inner race in looselyconfining the rollers H5. The outer race H1 rests in a rotatable mannerin one of the semi-circular bearings H to I4 inclusive on the portionIlla of the roll stand. Outer race I I6 has an oil hole H8 forintroducing lubricant into the space between the inner and outer races.

In Figure 7, the bearings for the ends of the top rolls are identical tothe bearings for the ends of the top rolls shown in Figure 6, and likereference characters will apply, and the roller necks H0 are identicalas well as the tapered ends I I I going into cavities I I2 in the lowerrolls 20; however, in Figure 7 instead of having an elongatedanti-friction bearing for the entire roller neck H0, I provide aseparate bearing at each end of the roller neck which is identical tothe bearing disposed on the ends of the upper rolls 30. Each of thesebearings on the roller neck H0 comprises an inner race I20 havingoutturned flanges I 2 I on each end thereof for loosely confiningrollers I22, and loosely fitting around rollers I22 is an outer racehaving inturned end flanges I24 for assisting the flange I2I in looselyconfining the rollers I22. flange I24 has an oil hole I25 forintroduction of lubricant to the space between the inner and outerraces.

It is thus seen that in the form of the inven- 1 tion shown in Figures6, 7, and 8, the tremendous downward press ure exerted by upper bearings40 is applied to the outer race I04 on the end of the top rolls, whichpressure is transmitted directly to the outer race H6 in Figure 6, andthe outer races having inturned flanges I24 in Figure '7, which pressureis transmitted directly to the roll stand bearings II to I4 in- Oneclusive. This means that in all probability, the said outer races willnot rotate at all, and 'consequently, no wear will be present in thebear ings 40 and to I4 inclusive. Also, it is evident their shape underpressure, and therefore, the

top and bottom rolls will run freely without having to carry thispressure load.

In the drawings and specification, there has been set forth a preferredembodiment of the invention, and although specific terms are employed,they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not forpurposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being defined in theclaims.

I claim:

1. In a drawing frame having top and bottom rolls, roller necks joiningthe bottom rolls in an end to end relation, anti-friction bearingsdisposed around the roller necks and a plurality of adjustable bearingmembers in which the outer peripheries of the anti-friction bearingsrest, the top rolls having anti-friction bearings mounted on their outerends, downwardly urged means for engaging and applying pressure on theupper portions of the anti-friction bearings 0n the ends. of the toprolls to hold the periphery of a to each other, and to serve as spacingbosses for the top and bottom rolls, the downwardly urged means alsopreventing the rotation of the antifriction bearings relative to eachother.

2. In a drawing frame having top and bottom rolls, roller necks joiningthe bottom rolls in an end to end relation, anti-friction bearingsdisposed around the roller necks and a plurality of adjustable bearingmembers in which the outer peripheries of the anti-friction bearingsrest, the top rolls having anti-friction bearings mounted on their outerends, downwardly urged means for engaging the upper portions of theanti-friction bearings on the ends of the top rolls to hold theperiphery of the anti-friction bearings on the roller necks and those inthe ends of the top. rolls in contact with each other, common means formounting all of the downwardly urged means, and detachable means forholding the downwardly urged means in contact position with theanti-friction bearings on the ends of the top rolls, the common meansfor holding the downwardly urged means in contact with the anti-frictionbearings on the ends of the top rolls being pivotally mounted at oneside of the frame and the detachable means engaging the other end of thepivoted member being located at the other side of the frame, so thatwhen the free end of the said common means is detached, all of thedownwardly urged means can be swung as a unit from out of contact withthe anti-friction bearings on the ends of the top rolls, the bearings onthe top and bottom r'olls ing operation, the bottom rolls being joinedtogether in end to end relation by a roller neck, which roller neckisadapted to rotate in a suitable bearing, the ends of the top rollshaving anti-friction bearings thereon, comprising inner and outer raceswith rotatable bearing members disposed between the inner and outerraces, the

roller neck having thereon an anti-friction bearing having inner andouter races, rollers loosely confined between the last-named inner andouter races, the bearings on the roller neck and on the ends of the toprolls serving as spacing bosses for the top and bottom rolls, pressureapplying means adapted to engage the upper portion of the outer race onthe outer ends of the top rolls and the outer race on the roller neckbeing adapted to fit into a suitable bearing in a drawing frame rollstand, the outer race on the end of a top roll being adapted to fitdirectly onto the uppermost portion of the outer race'on the roller neckwhereby downward pressure applied onto the outer races on the ends ofthe top rolls will be transmitted directly to the outer race of thebearing disposed on the roller neck.

4. Ina drawing frame having top and bottom rolls, the bottom rolls beingjoined together by a roller neck, anti-friction bearings disposed on theroller neck and adapted to rest in a suitable bearing in a roll stand,anti-friction bearings disposed on the ends of the top rolls, and beingadapted to rest on the top of the anti-friction bearing on the rollerneck, and pressure applying means for applying downward pressure ontothe anti-friction bearings disposed on the ends of the top rolls to holdthe bearings on the ends of the top rolls in intimate contact with thebearings disposed on the roller neck, the antiiriction bearings on theroller neck and on the ends of the top rolls serving as spacing bossesfor the top and bottom rolls.

ELV IN B. ROBINSON.

